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Difference between revisions of "Gas"

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(Previous edit was conflating the ideal gas law with adiabatic heating. Separated to clarify that the former is simulated in full (note that the "dependent variable" of PV=nRT is pressure, not temp), but the latter is not.)
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{{Disambiguation}}
 
{{Disambiguation}}
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In Stationeers, Gas is an generalized term for fluid substances, derived from ices or gained by other means, that can be transported and manipulated to change their energetic form (phase) through the combination of pressure and temperature.
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Gas may refer to:
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This is opposed to solid resources, processed irreversibly from ores into pure ingots and alloys, used directly for crafting purposes. Gases have a great variety of uses - some are required for creation of livable pressurized environments, while others are toxic and dangerous and meant for controlled industrial processes, or outright waste product with limited utility.
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* [[Atmosphere]]
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Carbon Dioxide|Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)]]
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Naturally, gases can exist as a constituence of a planetary atmosphere, available in a virtually infinite amount and possible to capture through the use of appropriate atmospheric devices, can be pressurized, filtered, and stored. Planets or moons that have a below-zero or vacuum conditions will also contain frozen gas deposits in a form of ice, which can be melted by the use of a [[Furnace]] or [[Ice Crusher]]. Also, mined ice nuggets appear similar to metallic ores, however they will begin to melt if exposed to a warm environment while held in arms or regular containers.
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Fuel|Fuel (66.6% H<sub>2</sub> + 33.3% O<sub>2</sub>)]]
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Hydrogen|Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)]]
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Small amount of gases can be acquired from smelting solid materials into ingots, as each type of ore contains its own impurities, although these gases mostly seen as an impediment to efficient smelting due to low output.<br>
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Nitrogen|Nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>)]]
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Finally, gases can be purchased from [[traders]] in various forms and at different temperatures. Some traders will also buy gases and mixtures that they need with certain temperature conditions, or even pay you a small fee for disposing of their own waste gases.
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Nitrous Oxide|Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)]]
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Oxygen|Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)]]
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Current variety of gases include:
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Pollutant|Pollutants (X)]]
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Carbon Dioxide|Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)]] - Inert gas, a non-toxic byproduct of burning organic fuels, breathed by most growing plants as source of Carbon.
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Volatiles|Volatiles]]
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Nitrogen|Nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>)]] - Heavy gas, usable as a stable pressure agent due to its exceptionally low freezing temperature.
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Water|Water (H<sub>2</sub>O)]]
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Nitrous Oxide|Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)]] - Commonly known as "Nitro", a loose chemical composite of Nitrogen and Oxygen, used as powerful fuel oxidizer and general anesthetic.
 
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Oxygen|Oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)]] - Highly-reactive gas used for respiration by animal life and as conventional fuel oxidizer.
 
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Pollutant|Pollutants (X)]] - Ambiguous compound of highly-toxic radicals, a waste byproduct from burning or processing of impure organic fuel.
 
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Volatiles|Volatiles (CH<sub>4</sub>)+]] - Generic composite of simple organic compounds used as a fuel in smelting, power generation, and chemistry.
 
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Water|Water (H<sub>2</sub>O)]] - Pure compound used for hydration, farming, and as coolant, originally designed as inherently liquid substance.
 
 
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==Properties==
 
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Gases and their liquid analogues are presented in the parametric form - that means that they exist as a property of a given atmosphere' grid cell, interior grid cell of an enclosed room, composite [[pipe]] network, atmospheric device, or portable container. To further understand the behavior of gases within different spaces, check [[Atmosphere]] and [[Pipe]] pages. It is technically possible to convert gases down into their solid state (i.e. a physical item), however that action has no practical use, therefore no dedicated devices exist for doing so.
 
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Each different gas have a number of properties, which define its thermodynamic behavior and conditions for phase changes. Leveraging the property values and their differences between gases is an important part of atmospheric management and temperature conditioning required for surviving extreme environments and utilizing advanced technologies:
 
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* '''Melting Point''' - Temperature boundary between solid and liquid states. Liquids cooled to this temperature will begin freezing. This will create ice chunks converting up to 50 mol of liquid into a 50g stack of pure ice. Liquids freezing within containers or pipes will cause them to burst irreversibly. A player should make sure never to cool the gas down to this value.
 
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* '''Boiling Point''' - Temperature boundary between liquid and gaseous states at standard 1 atm (100 kPa) of pressure. Higher pressures impede evaporation, raising this value and allowing to form liquids at higher temperatures. Most atmospheric devices are designed to work with gases, while liquified substances are very compact. Player should control pressure and temperature to prevent gases and liquids reaching this value unintentionally. Not available for substances, that will remain in gaseous phase at 100 kPa regardless of temperature.
 
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* '''Minimum Condensation Pressure''' - a Pressure value corresponding to the Melting Point Temperature, which is necessary for the liquid to begin freezing. Most liquified gases will freeze up when cooled below their melting point regardless, but for ''some'' gases a low pressure environment can be sustained to keep a liquid in a super-cooled state without allowing it to crystallize, which is useful for storage of few particular substances.
 
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* '''Maximum Liquid Temperature''' - a Temperature value, above which the substance cannot remain in liquid state within working pressure range, usually sampled at high pressure (6 MPa). Exponentially higher pressures are capable of keeping the liquid from evaporating, but the requirements are unrealistic for physical limitations of Stationeers' equipment. Its a practical heat boundary, under which a given substance can be either gas, liquid, or both based on the imposed pressure level, all the way down to the melting point boundary.
 
  
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* '''Molar Heat Capacity''' - The thermal capacity of 1 mol of the gas, that it has to absorb/radiate to raise/lower its temperature by 1 K. The greater this value, the more heat a cold gas can absorb to cool another gas, and inversely, the more heat has to be drawn out to cool it. Particularly important value for an efficient coolant.
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==Gases==
  
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* '''Molar Heat of Fusion''' - The amount of thermal energy that a mol of frozen substance would need to absorb to change into a liquid, and the amount of same energy a liquid will release into environment when turning into ice. Given that frozen substances are rarely used as anything beyond a raw source material for gases, this value has little importance.
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Stationpedia has simple phase diagrams for all Gases, a more complex phase change diagram can be located [https://www.desmos.com/calculator/voj4scjipd Here]
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* '''Molar Latent Heat''' - The amount of thermal energy that a mol of liquid substance would need to absorb to change into a gas, and the amount of same energy a gas would release when turning into a liquid. This value is something that is often leveraged in AC or any temperature control systems, by forcing phase changes at specific points of a system through applied pressure. It is also likely responsible for the majority of confusing and frustrating emergencies for inexperienced Stationeers, where temperatures suddenly spike or drop to dangerous levels, seemingly for no reason.
 
  
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* '''Molar Liquid Volume''' - Volume in Liters that a mol of substance occupy in liquid form. Since liquified gases produce no Pressure, this value defines how much of a given liquified gas can be stored in a liquid container or pipe network of a certain capacity.
 
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* '''Molar Mass''' - Net mass of a mol of substance in any phase state. Largely redundant parameter that becomes important when dealing in Rocketry, since the rocket engines have specific limits to what mass they're able to carry into space against a local gravity, and excessive amount of fuel/payload can make a lift-off impossible.
 
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== Phase Change ==
 
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The summary of the aforementioned properties define how a given gas behaves depending on the temperature and pressure at which it is contained. By accessing in-game Stationpedia, a player can find a phase diagram for any such gas in a logarithmic scale. A composite diagram for all gases looks like this:
 
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[[File:Combined phase change diagram.png|frame|none|''A combined phase change diagram showing the phase changes of all in-game gasses.<br>
 
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(left to right: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Volatiles, Pollutant, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Water).'']]<br>
 
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The left part of each diagram correlates to substance's solid (ice) state. A vertical blue cut-off indicates its melting point.
 
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Next goes the dynamic curve (main section), which separates the possible conditions for a liquid state (above the curve) and a gas state (below the curve), the curve itself being the phase change boundary between the two.
 
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Finally, the curve terminates by an abrupt vertical spike - this is a Maximum Liquid Temperature boundary, after which the substance will almost always remain as gas.
 
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A more complex phase change diagram can be located [https://www.desmos.com/calculator/voj4scjipd Here]
 
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Known gas properties:
 
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
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! Name !! Filter Color !! Molar Heat Capacity<br>(J⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>) !! Molar Heat of Fusion<br>(kJ⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>) !! data-sort-type="number" | Melting Point<br>(K / °C) !! data-sort-type="number" | Boiling Point at 100 kPa<br>(K / °C) !! data-sort-type="number" | Minimum Condensation<br>(kPa at K / °C) !! data-sort-type="number" | Maximum Liquid Temperature<br>(K / °C at kPa) !! Liquid Molar Volume<br>(L / mol) !! Molar Mass<br>(g / mol)
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! Name !! Filter Color !! Molar Heat Capacity<br>(J⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>) !! Molar Heat of Fusion<br>(kJ⋅K<sup>−1</sup>⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>) !! Melting Point<br>(K / °C) !! Boiling Point at 100 kPa<br>(K / °C) !! Minimum Condensation<br>(kPa at K / °C) !! Maximum Liquid Temperature<br>(K / °C at kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Carbon Dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>) || Gray || 28.2 || 0.6 || 218 / -55.3 || N/A || 517 at 218 / -55.3 || 265 / -8.1 at 6000 || 0.04 || 44
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| [[Carbon Dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>) || Gray || 28.2 || 0.6 || 218 / -55.3 || N/A || 517 at 218 / -55.3 || 265 / -8.1 at 6000
 
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|-
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| [[Nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) || Black || 20.6 || 0.5 || 40 / -233 || 75 / -198 || 6.3 at 40 / -233 || 190 / -83 at 6000 || 0.0348 || 64
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| [[Nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>) || Black || 20.6 || 0.5 || 40 / -233 || 75 / -198 || 6.3 at 40 / -233 || 190 / -83 at 6000
 
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|-
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| [[Nitrous Oxide]] (N<sub>2</sub>O) || Green || 37.2 || 4 || 252 / -21 || N/A || 800 at 252 / -21 || 431 / 158 at 2000 || 0.026 || 46
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| [[Nitrous Oxide]] (N<sub>2</sub>O) || Green || 37.2 || 4 || 252 / -21 || N/A || 800 at 252 / -21 || 431 / 158 at 2000
 
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|-
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| [[Oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) || White || 21.1 || 0.8 || 56.4 / -217 || 90 / -183 || 6.3 at 56.4 / -217 || 162 / -111 at 6000 || 0.03 || 16
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| [[Oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) || White || 21.1 || 0.8 || 56.4 / -217 || 90 / -183 || 6.3 at 56.4 / -217 || 162 / -111 at 6000
 
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|-
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| [[Pollutant]] (X) || Yellow || 24.8 || 2 || 173 / -99.8 || N/A || 1800 at 173 / -99.8 || 425 / 152 at 6000 || 0.04 || 28
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| [[Pollutant]] (X) || Yellow || 24.8 || 2 || 173 / -99.8 || N/A || 1800 at 173 / -99.8 || 425 / 152 at 6000
 
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|-
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| [[Volatiles]] (H<sub>2</sub>) || Red || 20.4 || 1 || 81.6 / -192 || 112 / -162 || 6.3 at 81.6 / -192 || 195 / -78.1 at 6000 || 0.04 || 16
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| [[Volatiles]] (H<sub>2</sub>) || Red || 20.4 || 1 || 81.6 / -192 || 112 / -162 || 6.3 at 81.6 / -192 || 195 / -78.1 at 6000
 
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| [[Water]] (H<sub>2</sub>0) || Blue || 72 || 8 || 273 / 0 || 373 / 100 || 6.3 at 273 / 0 || 643 / 370 at 6000 || 0.018 || 18
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| [[Water]] (H<sub>2</sub>0) || Blue || 72 || 8 || 273 / 0 || 373 / 100 || 6.3 at 273 / 0 || 643 / 370 at 6000
 
|}
 
|}
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Phase changes have been added to the game system and most gases now have an associated [[:Category:Liquid|Liquid]] and a pure solid phase.
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The following exist only in solid state and have no gaseous form: Charcoal, Coal, Silicon, Iron, Copper, Nickel, Silver, Gold, Lead, Uranium.
  
 
==Mixtures==
 
==Mixtures==
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While the gases can exist in any arbitrary number of combinations, there are specific functional mixtures produced manually - this is done by filtering and isolating individual component gases and then mixing them in proper ratio using a [[Gas Mixer]]. Such specific mixtures are commonly referenced by their separate names for all associated cases, without mentioning their constituents:
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Name !! Contents !! Tank Color !! Notes
 
! Name !! Contents !! Tank Color !! Notes
 
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| [[Fuel]] || 67% H<sub>2</sub>, 33% O<sub>2</sub> || Orange || Combustible mixture with Autoignition at 573.15 K / 300 °C
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| [[Fuel]] || 67% H<sub>2</sub>, 33% O<sub>2</sub> || Orange || Autoignition at 573.15 K / 300 °C
 
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| [[HydroNox]] || 50% H<sub>2</sub>, 50% N<sub>2</sub>O || N/A || Combustible mixture with Autoignition at 323.15 K / 50 °C
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| [[HydroNox]] || 50% H<sub>2</sub>, 50% N<sub>2</sub>O || N/A || Autoignition at 323.15 K / 50 °C
 
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| [[Air]] || 75% N<sub>2</sub>, 25% O<sub>2</sub> || White || Well above 16 kPa of minimum O<sub>2</sub> pressure required for human breathing, but prevents runaway combustion by spark)
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| [[Air]] || 75% N<sub>2</sub>, 25% O<sub>2</sub> || White || 16 kPa Partial Pressure O<sub>2</sub> minimum is required for human player breathing. Hyperoxia is not simulated.(NOTE: Suit air mixture should be 100% O<sub>2</sub>)
 
|}
 
|}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT)  
 
| Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT)  
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| Partial
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| Yes
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| Pressure will change with temperature, volume, and moles; Temperature will not change
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| Pressure will change with temperature, volume, and moles
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|-
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| Adiabatic Heating and Cooling
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| No
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| Compressing or expanding a gas will not affect its temperature
 
|-  
 
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| Thermal Conductivity  
 
| Thermal Conductivity  

Revision as of 13:32, 16 June 2025

This is a disambiguation page, which lists pages which may be the intended target. If a page link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

Gas may refer to:

Gases

Stationpedia has simple phase diagrams for all Gases, a more complex phase change diagram can be located Here

Name Filter Color Molar Heat Capacity
(J⋅K−1⋅mol−1) 		Molar Heat of Fusion
(kJ⋅K−1⋅mol−1) 		Melting Point
(K / °C) 		Boiling Point at 100 kPa
(K / °C) 		Minimum Condensation
(kPa at K / °C) 		Maximum Liquid Temperature
(K / °C at kPa)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Gray 28.2 0.6 218 / -55.3 N/A 517 at 218 / -55.3 265 / -8.1 at 6000
Nitrogen (N2) Black 20.6 0.5 40 / -233 75 / -198 6.3 at 40 / -233 190 / -83 at 6000
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Green 37.2 4 252 / -21 N/A 800 at 252 / -21 431 / 158 at 2000
Oxygen (O2) White 21.1 0.8 56.4 / -217 90 / -183 6.3 at 56.4 / -217 162 / -111 at 6000
Pollutant (X) Yellow 24.8 2 173 / -99.8 N/A 1800 at 173 / -99.8 425 / 152 at 6000
Volatiles (H2) Red 20.4 1 81.6 / -192 112 / -162 6.3 at 81.6 / -192 195 / -78.1 at 6000
Water (H20) Blue 72 8 273 / 0 373 / 100 6.3 at 273 / 0 643 / 370 at 6000

Phase changes have been added to the game system and most gases now have an associated Liquid and a pure solid phase.

The following exist only in solid state and have no gaseous form: Charcoal, Coal, Silicon, Iron, Copper, Nickel, Silver, Gold, Lead, Uranium.

Mixtures

Name Contents Tank Color Notes
Fuel 67% H2, 33% O2 Orange Autoignition at 573.15 K / 300 °C
HydroNox 50% H2, 50% N2O N/A Autoignition at 323.15 K / 50 °C
Air 75% N2, 25% O2 White 16 kPa Partial Pressure O2 minimum is required for human player breathing. Hyperoxia is not simulated.(NOTE: Suit air mixture should be 100% O2)

Simulation Mechanics

Concept Simulated Notes
Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT) Yes Pressure will change with temperature, volume, and moles
Adiabatic Heating and Cooling No Compressing or expanding a gas will not affect its temperature
Thermal Conductivity No Rate of energy transfer is the same for all substances
Thermal Radiation Partial Radiated heat is not absorbed by nearby objects
Phase Change Partial Gas/Liquid have simplified graph; Solid has a fixed temperature; Plasma is ignored
Fluid Dynamics No 'Convection' parts work in pressurized environment, other parts work in vacuum
Gas Stoichiometry No The various reactions are arbitrary and vary depending on device used for different products from the same reactants
Gravity/Density No Gas/Liquid is present in all directions
Environment Volume Yes Each environment cube acts as a single point with fixed volume
Pipe Volume Yes Each pipe network acts as a single point with fixed volume depending on number of pipes segments
Flow Direction Yes All pumps and mixer act as check valve, passive check valve available, other valves are not one-way
Pipe Integrity Yes Liquid pipes hold low pressure, but may contain both liquid and gas without consequence; Gas pipes hold high pressure, but stress and break with too much liquid
Heat Transfer Partial Liquid temperature is controlled by gas temperature (if no gas, liquid heater will not function)
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