Game Settings
From Unofficial Stationeers Wiki
Hunger / Hydration Rate
This setting controls how rapidly your hunger and hydration levels will deplete and increasing the value will make them go down more quickly. A higher value on this bar will reduce the time you have early on to set up food and water supply. On Stationeers difficulty, a high value on this setting will mean you need to quickly build a breathable atmosphere as this difficulty requires you to open your helmet to eat and drink.
Sun Orbit Period
This determines how long the days and nights are. If set to 1, each day is 10 minutes and each night is 10 minutes, meaning days last 20 minutes in total. Setting it to 2 will double the length of days to 40 minutes for a full cycle.
Difficulty Settings
This setting largely determines what you will spawn with when you die. On Easy difficulty, you will start with a full suit again. On Normal difficulty you will be given a temporary suit and be expected to retrieve or create a proper suit again. On Stationeers difficulty, you will spawn without a suit at all, which is very dangerous if you have not set your spawn point. In addition, Stationeers difficulty requires you to open your helmet to eat and drink.